Knee replacement surgery, known as arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure that repairs knee damage, generally caused by arthritis. Metal and plastic caps are placed on the ends of the bones that form the knee joint, along with the kneecap. Patients with severe arthritis or those who have suffered a severe knee injury are often candidates for a knee replacement.

Various forms of arthritis are known to affect the knee joint. Osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease, causes the breakdown of joint cartilage and often damages the adjacent bone in the knees. Rheumatoid arthritis causes inflammation of the synovial membrane in the knee can lead to pain and stiffness. Traumatic arthritis, caused by injury, often damages knee cartilage.

Knee arthroscopy is an outpatient surgery that utilizes an arthroscope, which is inserted into the knee joint through two small incisions. The purpose of the scope is to allow the surgeon to see inside the joint without making a large incision. The surgery is used for diagnosis, to remove loose tissue or ligaments or shave the knee cap 

Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure used to correct problems with the vertebrae of the spine. Much like the process of “welding,” spinal fusion surgery fuses together any damaged or painful vertebrae, healing them into a single, solid bone.

Imaging tests, such as x-rays, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are helpful to locate the exact area of pain to guide the surgical process. Spinal Fusion may alleviate symptoms including degenerative disk disease, spondylolisthesis, spinal stenosis, scoliosis, fractures, infection and tumors.

In a total hip replacement, the damaged bone and cartilage is removed and replaced with prosthetic components. The process begins when the damaged femoral head is removed and replaced with a metal stem that is placed into the hollow center of the femur. A metal or ceramic ball is placed on the upper part of the stem. This ball replaces the damaged femoral head. Then the damaged cartilage surface of the socket is removed and replaced with a metal socket. Finally, a plastic, ceramic, or metal spacer is inserted between the new ball and the socket to create a smooth surface.